Chapter 12

 "Modern” human society emerged first in Europe in the nineteenth century and then throughout the world. accompanied by massive population increase,  societies favored holders of urban wealth over rural landowning elite states became more powerful and intrusive opening up of public and political life to more of the population self-conscious departure from tradition the modernity revolution was as important as the Agricultural Revolution. I enjoy the human society and leaning about the 15 century because that is when we really started to develop our human  skills 

Turkic warrior Timur (Tamerlane) tried to restore the Mongol Empire ca. 1400 his army devastated Russia, Persia, and India. Timur died in 1405, while preparing invasion of China. his successors kept control of the area between Persia and Afghanistan for a century Timur’s conquest was the last great military success of Central Asian nomads.   He interest me because he died while trying to invade  another empire  almost like karma cause he was  trying to invade another place .

chapter 11 documents

In the chapter 11 documents they were talking about all the Mongol history  and many of the views from different areas.  The Chinese viewed the Mongol ad foreign conquerors  and illegitimate as Chinese rulers. they claimed that the Mongols treated the Chinese as slaves which I can understand because the Mongols were very dominate and mean.  why did the mogol's feel the need to kind of bully ? I feel like the mogols were bully's in a type of way because of how it they treated people. I understand that they were just more abrupt than other people and groups but I think they didn't need to steal and be so dominant and have to "rule" over everyone.

chapter 11

The Mongol empire  . This empire made the most stunning entry in the 13 century Mongols made the largest land based empires in all of human history . this is cool to me I would like to visit this empire to see really how large it is . I wonder how long it takes for people to build such a large empire ?  I found it weird that they did not have no new language , religion , or civilization . their religion center around rituals invoking the ancestors . this is very interesting in a way it is their own religion because they didn't follow like the rest of the empires and start their own stuff.

chapter 9 docs

reading the chapter 9 docs I found that the inscription in rumi's tomb very cool they were like mini prayers in a sort. I wish it would of explained more about the poems though . like where did they come from ? I really enjoy the first one saying always come even if you broken your vow it reminds me of second chances and peoples past meaning no matter your past you are always welcomed I really enjoy it .

chapter 9

The Quran was very interesting to me .The Quran literally meaning "the recitation,"  is the central religious texts of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature of the Arabic language Muslims consider the Quran to be the only book that has been protected by God from distortion or corruption.However, major textual variations and deficiencies in scripts mean the relationship between the text of today's Quran and an original text is unclear.
it gave protection to women which I found great .
Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, the proof of his prophet hood and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad  The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Jewish and Christian scriptures . It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.The Quran is used along with the Hadith to interpret sharia law  During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic
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chapter 10

until chapter 10 I was not to sure on Christianity  but I now know that Christianity is one of the world’s major monotheistic religions. Christians believe in Jesus Christ and follow his teachings. they  believe Jesus is God’s own son, sent by God to become human. As the son of God, Jesus is divine, but he was also a human being who lived among us on earth, over 2,000 years ago. Followers of Jesus are part of God’s people, whose heritage includes the Jewish people and the Christian Church throughout the world today.
 As a person, Jesus of Nazareth was a Jew who lived and died in biblical Israel under Roman rule in a province the Romans called Palestine. He spent his adult life in ministry with his disciples, traveling around the region, teaching about God and spreading a message of God’s love, peace, hope and forgiveness. He healed the sick and fed the hungry. He gathered many followers who were passionate about his teachings. As his following grew, some of the religious leaders became more and more distrustful and angry with him, until he was eventually turned over to the Roman government by Judas, one of his own disciples. The Roman governor Pontius Pilate then sentenced him to execution. He died by being nailed to a cross in the outskirts of the city of Jerusalem.
But death did not contain him. On the third day after his crucifixion, the day Christians call Easter, Jesus appeared among his followers as the risen, living Lord. He continued to teach, spreading the Good News, sharing the story of his life and resurrection to people here on earth for forty days before returning to heaven. His story and teachings are depicted in the New Testament of the bible .

 reading more into jesus and Christianity was very interesting to me .

chapter 8

Reading chapter 8 women equality came up again which I have strong opinion on already , I am so glad I am a women of this era now than back then . the women were basically slaves to the men, it say "the boy leads the girl, the girl follows the boy, the duty of husbands to be resolute and wives to be docile begins with us " I hate the fact that women are so underestimated although it said they were treated a little better than before it still was bad .  Confucian writers highlighted the subordination of women to men and the need to keep males and females separate in every domain of life . I think that statement is stupid because by keep women away if they basically want women to be slaves to the men it just doesn't make sense to me.  the views on women's qualities were weakness , reticence and delicacy . I think the views were like that because the women were not given a chance too prove to everyone that they could be more than just house wife's .

chapter 7 documents

I always thought of Marco polo as a game you played in the pool but I was wrong once I read the documents about him , he was on that traveled to china well that's what the documents said , I thought the documents were very interesting on him but I do not like how it didn't describe all of the things that we read about in the actual chapter  I can never trust the documents fully because they weren't actually writing by people they talk about. i really enjoy reading about the china markets because they are always so fresh and has varities  of stuff to choose from, i bet polo had great time in the markets.

chapter 7

I found it neat that in chapter 7 they had roads to transfer their goods . They had three roads sand, sea ,and the silk roads they were all different yet similar at the same time the silk road they discovered various technologies like yokes , saddles, and stirrups , they used camels, oxen, and horses  for transportation . the sand road used camels for transportation because camels can last along time without water . they transfer ivory , koal nuts  , gold and other various goods.
sea roads connected east Asia to Eurasia and transferred oil, ivory, gold ,greens ,perfumes those were the main things more on page (347) . I think that it is cool that they have roads to carry diffent items and for trade as well so they don't have to make a journey without knowing where they are going they have set roads which is cool.

chapter 6 documents

while reading the documents I found the Christian topography very confusing  . I found how they baring for gold oddly weird and confusing they said if the  owner likes the meat he takes  the gold  but if he was unsatisfied he left the gold ? who is he leaving the gold for the owner of the meat or the native ?  the travelers can spend up to five days more of less in one country to barging and they have to come armed because the tribes might see them passing as a threat ... that is kind of scary . the  travel for 6 months in that 6 months are they barging the whole time ?

chapter 6

I thought it was very interesting to read that Africa was one of the ,most tropical places of the worlds three supior continents , all I ever here is all of the bad stuff that goes on in Africa never that it is tropical.
 I compared the specializations with our society now and how they passed the specializations on to their kids , the specialized in cotton weaving leather workers , potter and griots . The became casts and then passed the casts down to their children. I thought that was similar to people in todays society because when some families become doctors they want their kid to follow their foot steps or when family opens a family business they want there kids to keep the business going .
it interested me to that west Africa become more firmly to north Africa but not completely eliminating  the decentralized city life of niger valley.

chapter 5

as a women in todays society it was hard to read all of the inequality's because I am a  not believer in that stuff a women should not have set rules and other obligations to go by.
I hate how the classes of rich poor an middle class is so divined and just all of the classes are looked below each other , just because of money no one should be better than someone.
I strongly am against slavery and people should be ashamed of having slavery we all have hands and feet we should be doing out own dirty work not having someone in a lower class do it for us.

chapter 5 docs

In the chapter 5 docs the lessons for women really interested me because they were very interesting.
 I didn't like in the humility that they basically put women /girl babies down when the babies are first born they put them below the bed to show that they are weak and should regard it as her primary duty to humble herself before others and then gave her  a pot to remind her and teach her , her house hold duties . I think that is very disrespectful and wrong it put strong women down and makes us feel like we are nothing. I am very strong on equality or men and women because in my eyes and women can do any mans jobs so in my world there is not specified jobs for women and men.
With the man and wife thing its wrong that men can do things and get away with it but then women do it and get in trouble like a double standard , and if the man isn't controlling is wife then his rules of conduct are broken and abandoned . That's so stupid no man should control there wife and no wife should control her man . in a relationship it should be equal equality . these sections got me really interested yet very upset at the same time. I also do not like that women can not be "brilliant " they can not use smart words they have to dumb themselves down is just stupidity to me .

chapter 4 docs

I really enjoy reading about the Confucius analects they really catch my attention because they are so interesting his thoughts are real and true to life. All of his texts became a touchstone for all educated people in china and across much of east Asia. How can one persons philosophy get spread so fast ? why did people like his stuff so much that they kept his philosophy to this day?
     Confucius said "if the people be led by laws and uniformity sought to be given them by punishment they will try to avoid the punishment  but have no sense of shame" If led by virtue and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety they will have the sense of shame and moreover will become good ." I think this is very true saying if people are going to be held by laws most of them will be broken and they will not be followed but If they are kind of easy and not so strict more people will follow the rule and be true to them.
    All though I have no fully understood the other seminal thinkers out of all of them so far I think Confucius is the easiest to read and understand and I agree will his philosophy 100%. I can not wait to start to get into all of the other seminal thinkers.

chapter 4

Through out the world our culture and religion are so different. Everyone prays/believes in a god for different things and different ways , in my point of view I think everyone should be open minded and not just think of one way of doing things. Maybe if we all accepted each other different cultures/religion there would not  be so much animosity . I came from a community where basically everyone was welcomed and know one was shunned or caused problems for believing in different things. I really liked / agreed with Confucian answer .by not punishing or not the laws but by restoring the harmony, he says the grass must bend when the wind blows so in my eyes that is saying when your loved ones are hurting or going through it you are felling the same you fall when they fall you get up when they get up . I liked that idea a lot I don't know if that's what it actually meant but that's what came to my mind. I also like how he emphasized education as the key to moral betterment because I think education is big in everything you do . Confucian understands the inequalities of Chinese society and in a way he accepts that but try's to make it a better moral place which I like.
I enjoy reading about the Confucian answer .

chapter 3 docs

Is the Athens political ideas still around in the west since they were long celebrated ? I was not very engaged in the Athens political ideas because it didn't go into detail what exactly what they were.
      
         I really like that neighbors are examples to each other rather than copying each other.  its neat that they don't accuse each other of things unlike past chapters where if you were even thought of doing something wrong you were punished here its all equal basically saying do what you like to do, the city's are clean and the house are elegant I feel these documents are way different than the others which I like because its really showing the development of the people. they never prevent a stranger or foreigner from coming to their city they are very welcoming that reminds me of our school because everyone is so welcoming here.
            In the roman empire they don't rule within fixed boundaries nor does another prescribed the limits of your power , does that mean there is no ruler ? and that you can do what you please? is there no law ? I wish they would specify exactly what they mean. all the citizens are accomplished, noble and powerful people. I feel like the roman empire would be the one I would want to live in because it sounds basically like they are "free" people in a sense.
    
     I dislike how the Chinese empire was ruled by one ruler , so in my eyes the empire was a jail because they were ran by one person so they kind of were held hostage if that makes any type of sense.  I know that's not how it was but that is my point of view when a lot of people is ran by one person.   it says to govern a state the is to praise the right and blame the wrong , that makes no type of sense to me because how do they know for sure the right are right how do they know if they are praising the right people? I strongly dislike this empire I don't thing they rule the empire fairly and right.

chapter 3

are we just like Rome ? I believe that we are not  Americans do not have the “conqueror’s mentality”
although there is great similarities I think people might get confused with similarities and interpreting them into ideas that we are the new roman empire .  Both claimed important political traditions such as the rule of law and fair government. Both believe that they were providing a much better government to those they conquered.,  Both established transnational trading systems. In the areas of the Roman imposed peace, they established road networks, a postal system, and commercial stability. Similarly, the U.S. has led the way in bringing about a global system of commerce and trade.
Both attracted substantial numbers of immigrants from other parts of the world.
 Rome often used local leaders to manage the local populations. The U.S. does the same.
Both are responsible for a “transnational language.” Latin in the case of Rome. English in the case of the U.S. Both experienced a movement to centralize political power. This centralization has been accompanied by a decline in the politics of participation and an increase in the politics of the spectacle. Games and pleasure took the place of a civic life. A few elite families tended to dominate the national political life. There is great similarities on to the question are we Rome but in real life America is no where near an empire.

          it still amazes me on how these empires evolved , like what made a ruler think of making one huge empires with different countries city's and states in one ? how did they know how to make an empire or who made the  "rules" for the empires its all unanswered questions that are not in the book which I think they should be .
     How did Mediterranean, middle east ,India , and china all developed there own political system what made them think of a political system ?
   the Persian empire interest me a lot because of how big it was , the Persian and the Indo-European they Persian empire's drew on previous examples of empires like Babylonian ad Assyrian empires, but it grew far from them with the size and splendor it reached from Egypt -India . how did they get it to expand that big and how did they keep everyone in check ?  when the kind died fires through out the land started to happen , why would they have a back up kind like a prince ? did they not think of that ahead of time  so they empire could still remain the same ?
   the Greco-Persian wars , why did the Greek and Persians always have conflict ? the Greek Ionia became under the Persian control as the empire extended , some Greeks found help and tried fighting the take over from the Persians . why was there even wars ? I think it should of just been if you wanted to be involved with a empire you should if not then don't be apart but I guess having peace all the time isn't really  that true , which I wish there was peace everywhere and no wars .

chapter 2 docs.

the mespotamia erra is very interesting to read about I must say,
the code of Hammurabi is very interesting like the punishments they had of they stole some type of crop or animal from the wealthy they would have to pay them or if they coudnt pay they would have to be killed that just blows my mind like why not make that person work for what they took from you or put them In jail if they had jail?  If they build a house for someone and the house caves in and kills the owner then person who built the house as well gets killed .. just wrong , a lot of the punishments had to do with death its almost like the just killed the person from doing wrong instead of trying to get them to do right , why is that ? what if the world was like that now do you think id=t would prevent all the crime that goes on now?
it kind of bother me that they really emphasized on the upper class and how they did and view things why didn't they put any of the middle or lower class in perspectives , what would happen if a poor person got stuff stolen from them by a wealthy person would the wealthy get just as bad punishment as the poor did ? its kind of injustice that they don't integrate all the classes in the documents.
I liked these documents better than chapter 1 it was far more interesting to read about all the laws .

Chapter 2.

the earliest civilization accrued 3500 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E. in three places .. still confused on how civilization emerged ? and how are we so sure with the evidence in the texts are actual facts ?


china being described as a central state ruled by strong people (the ruler ruled from a mandate from heaven). He's called son of heaven  why was he called son of heaven?. they had a large powerful central govt. all of the first civilizations came from competing chiefdoms.

it amazed me that they formed all of the agriculture by just trying things out . they used what they could and basically started life,

the urban revolution really caught my attention because it just amazes me that they did all of this stuff starting anew era of agriculture and just forming everything off of that, like uruk building  the walls more than twenty feet , visible all around for miles .
 gender and equality , inequality came around after hierarchy soon came to regard normal and natural , there was now class , Upper class middle class and lower class, upper class enjoyed wealth in land or salaries they were able to avoid physical labor they had the finest of everything . they were distinguished by the clothing they wore they house they lived in and the manner of their burial. I think just because you have more wealth than everyone else should not make you better than everyone else I didn't realize back then its kind of they same as now where the people that have better things and more wealth walk around thinking they are the top dog of everyone and I think its so wrong .

its so wrong that gender started to play a huge role in everything now , men were know as superior to women and men had rights to to legal and property rights unknown to women ,what's so fair about that I know life is not fair but giving men the rights to own property and not women ? that's crap what do men have that women don't? sure they might seem like they work harder but in really women work just as hard just in different jobs .

This chapter really got me interested in the gender and equality part because I believe if you are man or women you should be able to anything you want there shouldn't be any specific jobs that women and men have.

documents.

are paleos more egalitarian then later socs, in wealth , status , power and gender?
I believe that they are not egalitarian in wealth , status and power and gender .
they have the power to heal with a trance-medicine is that power or status ? I think it could go for both because have the power to heal you have to go to a specific person to get healed but a lot of people do not want to get heal because it hurts , so again is that more power or status ? I think power because you have to have the courage to heal the people. "when you have lovers one brings you something , others bring you something else" (pg. 49) that is status to me because she is saying she has the power to have people bring her all sorts of different types of things , that means she is in higher status . in gender there is a lot of equality that I have found this one is the most fair to me because its not all up to the guys which most people believe that it is. "when you are women you don't just sit around " (49) both can heal...hurtful"(49) those quotes are saying in the things they do they don't just have one gender do them they have both gender doing everything . they are not egalitarian in wealth at all because the wealthier are stingy and basically don't care about the "bush people " which are people that do not have anything . " I have no goats I have no cattle I am a person who owns nothing ."(47) paleos are not egalitarian because they are not all equal.

chapter one fp,they way.

the view of gudo mahithat  was "we do not want cattle just wild animals to hunt and water that we can drink". it bothers me that they only want wild animals to hunt and eat when they could easily eat the cattle they raise. why go kill a wild animal when they are raising cattle so they could eat that? Hadza ? represented one of the very last people on earth to continue a way of life that was universal among human kind  , that is amazing to me that they found many different ways to survive . so wrong that the farmers , governments missionaries and now tourist invaded in on them . I wish that life was still like that where everyone had to go out and actually work to survive .so neat that they used everything they could around them to survive they made everything by hand with stones rather than metal items. why is it that humans adapt to there surroundings so easy ? that blows my mind !human beings began life in forest and deserts where they had to learn how to survive with the surroundings they had that is so cool because it was just in nature to them to just learn how to survive in the places they were.  I found it interesting that the Europeans that settled permanently found a society in which competition against men was expressed in one-on-one combat and in formalized but bloody battle because it relates to our men now they are always In competition with each other and sometimes need to show that they are better than one another by fighting . I thought these first two sections were very interesting because a lot of the stuff they talked about actual related to modern time some how . I cant wait to start reading deeper into the book .

8/27/13

yay I did my first post.